Glossary

From Digital Lyceum Wiki

21st CCLC: 21st Century Community Learning Centers. A "key component of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001". (Leh 2005)

Activity Theory: Cross-disciplinary approach that considers the interactions between the subject and their environment (Lin 2006)

Action-orientation: "A learner-centered pedagogical concept which emphasizes the importance of students' activation. Learning takes place while solving complex tasks based on the students' interests, (Giani & Schroeder 2004), often in collaboration and social interaction among peers." (Schroeder 2006)

Animated Pedagogical Agents: Essentially avatar bots in a learning environment and programmed with social norms like gestures and even facial expression (Dirkin 2005)

AR: Augmented Reality. "The term Augmented Reality is often used to refer to interfaces in which two- and three-dimensional computer graphics are superimposed over real objects, typically viewed through head-mounted or handheld displays" (Billinghurst)

ATI: Aptitude-by-Treatment Interaction. "The major assumption of [ATI] research is that it is possible and desirable to adapt the natire of instruvtion to accommodaate individiual differences in terms of ability, style, or preference to improve learning outcomes" (Chen 2005)

Clark's theory of Common Ground: (Nardi 2005)

CMC: Computer Mediated Communication "a keystone of computer supported collaborative work" (Nardi 2005)

CMC Theories: Explore the impact of the affordances of the technology on the communication they facilitate. (Walther and Parks 2002 and Whittaker 2003 in Nardi 2005)

Cognitive apprenticeship: Part of constructionist theory, it is a progression of four steps: learners learn by watching experts problem-solve, learners try simpler but similar problems under guidance/feedback of experts, expert fades out while complexity increases, student self-evaluation. (Schroeder 2006)

Constructivist Learning: "Knowledge building is an active construction performed by learners based on the interaction with their environment. Thus, instruction plays a less important role." (Schroeder 2006)

CSCW: Computer Supported Cooperative Work

CSCL: Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (Lin 2006)

CVE: Collaborative Virtual Environment (Billinghurst)

DC: Distributed Cognition, Introduced by Edwin Hutchins in the mid 80's. The theory says that cognition is not just internal, but also environmnetal and social. "[It] focuses instead on the interactions between the distributed structures of the learner and the learning world" (Ligorio 2008) The reviewed literature suggests that the degree to which each of these play a role rests on a large spectrum of DC theories.

DCE: Digital Classroom Environment (Liang 2005)

Distributed Memory: The shared memories of a given group of individual learners (Leh 2005)

HMD: Head Mounted Display (Billinghurst)

ICTs: Information and Communication Technologies (Farrell 2006)

Interdependence:

Intersubjectivity: "a process occurring between people, particularly between a competent adult and a less competent child, where the social interaction between the two generates new understandings beyond the mere combination of each individual’s point of view" (Ligorio 2008)

Learning Community: "When learning takes place between a group of people with common interests living together within a common location, humans participate in community learning. This is usually conducted at a physical location central to the members of the community, such as the local community recreation centre. When participants from diverse backgrounds and scattered locations organize to learn together, learning communities are formed" (Leh 2005)

Media Richness Theory: related to channel theory, Media Richness Theory is used to analyze media "according to their capability to provide feedback, in terms of the number of channels (e.g., audio, visual) they support, the source of information (personal/impersonal), and the language used (body, numeric, etc.)" (Nardi 2005)

MIMIC: Multiple Intelligent Mentors Instructing Collaboratively. Animated Pedagogical Agents are programmed to teach using constructivist and instructivist "perspectives" (Dirkin 2005)

MITOCW: MIT Open Course Ware

MUUVES <<<<<<<spelling? Harvard's Multi-User Virtual Environment Experiential Simulator (Leh 2005)

SIP: Social Information Processing Theory: A little bit McLuhan, this takes into consideration the new understandings of social context brought about by technology, i.e. flaming, the timing between messages, etc. (Nardi 2005)

Social Presence Theory: Mostly as it sounds, effect of presence on communication. Presence offers immediate feedback of apperanace, body language, tone, etc. Media can be measured according to it's capacity to provide a sense of presence. (Nardi 2005)

TAG-V: The Teachable Agent Group at Vanderbilt. Programming Animated Pedagogical Agents as students for educators to practice student interactions.(Dirkin 2005)

Tangible AR: Tangible Augmented Reality "Tangible interaction techniques can be combined with AR display techniques to develop interfaces in which physical objects and interactions are equally important as the virtual imagery and provide a very intuitive metaphor. We call this combination of Tangible interaction and AR display Tangible Augments Reality (Tangible AR)" (Billinghurst)

TecSocCon-LS: (Enactment of) Technology-Enhanced Social-Constructive Learning Scenarios "a means for designing and creating technology-rich classrooms" (Angeli 2008)

TUI: Tangible User Interfaces. 1:1 mapping of object manipulation mapped to object simulation. (Billinghurst)

Workspaces: In contrast to workplaces, workspaces are defined by the dynamic network of communication technologies that allow collaboration among non-collocated workers. (Farrell 2006)